Mpox in Zambia: A Comprehensive Guide

What is Mpox?

Formerly known as monkeypox, mpox is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPV). It is a zoonotic viral infection, meaning it is transmitted from animals to humans. The MPV belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus, which includes other viruses such as smallpox and cowpox.

Mpox in Zambia

Zambia has experienced mpox outbreaks in the past, including one in September 2022 in Lusaka Province. The outbreak involved 13 confirmed cases, 3 probable cases, and 2 deaths. The index case was a 29-year-old male who resided in Kanyama Township, Lusaka.

Transmission

The MPV is primarily transmitted through close contact with an infected person's respiratory droplets, skin lesions, or contaminated materials such as bedding or clothing. The virus can also be transmitted through contact with infected animals, such as monkeys, rodents, and squirrels.

Symptoms

Symptoms of mpox typically appear within 5 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. Early symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. These symptoms are followed by a characteristic rash that starts as small, flat spots and progresses to raised, filled blisters that eventually crust over and fall off.

Treatment and Prevention

There is no specific treatment for mpox, but the symptoms can be managed with supportive care. The smallpox vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing mpox infection, and it is recommended for individuals at high risk of exposure.

Conclusion

Mpox is a serious viral infection that can have significant health consequences. Understanding the disease, its transmission, and prevention measures is crucial for public health efforts to control and prevent outbreaks. The recent mpox outbreak in Zambia highlights the importance of surveillance, early detection, and effective case management to mitigate the spread of the disease.

Mpox Zambia